Review Article

Design Thinking, a Novel Approach for an Effective and Improved Educational System–A Review

S Charles 1 *
More Detail
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning, 4(1), January 2022, ep2205, https://doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/12010
Submitted: 17 December 2021, Published: 14 April 2022
OPEN ACCESS   1658 Views   1587 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

The 21st century calls for improved technical skills and globally competitive caliber particularly among students to provide effective solutions for societal issues. This emphasizes the need to invent newer methods and techniques with a human friendly approach that is empathetically potent. Design thinking (DT) is one such scientific approach that helps one to create prototypes taking into consideration the creativity, visualization, design and redesign of things based on feedbacks, thus offering feasible solutions to any technical or socio-economic problems. Although many researches on implementation of DT strategies have been carried out globally as yet, little is known regarding how these techniques influence students’ learning experience and their problem solving capabilities in educational scenario. This article provides an overview of information’s collected from multiple data sources including organizational surveys, classroom observations showcasing the effectiveness of the application of DT approach for an improved educational system and organizational effectiveness.
Keywords: design thinking, creativity, complex problems, solutions, effectiveness

CITATION (APA)

Charles, S. (2022). Design Thinking, a Novel Approach for an Effective and Improved Educational System–A Review. International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning, 4(1), ep2205. https://doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/12010

REFERENCES

  1. Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2010). Design thinking. AVA Publishing SA.
  2. Baker, F. W. III., & Moukhliss, S. (2020). Concretising design thinking: A content analysis of systematic and extended literature reviews on design thinking and human‐centred design. Review of Education, 8(1), 305-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3185
  3. Bason, C. (2013). Discovering co-production by design. In E. Manzini, & E. Staszowski (Eds.), Public and collaborative: Exploring the intersections of design, social innovation and public policy (pp. viii-xvi). DESIS Network.
  4. Bazylak, J., & Wild, P. M. (2007). Best practices review of first-year engineering design education. In Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association. https://doi.org/10.24908/pceea.v0i0.3773
  5. Belkin, D. (2015). Skills gap found in college students. Wall Street Journal, A5.
  6. Bennett, S., Agostinho, S., & Lockyer, L. (2016). Investigating university educators’ design thinking and the implications for design support tools. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2016(9), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.404
  7. Bennetts, C., Cheeley, A., Caldwell, B. W., & Green, M. G. (2017). Comparing facets of divergent thinking in engineering freshmen and upperclassmen. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (58219, V007T06A006). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2017-67604
  8. Blizzard, J. (2013). Design thinkers can save the world: How understanding their interests, goals, and motivations can inform engineering educators [PhD dissertation, Clemson University].
  9. Boy, G. A. (2017). Human-centered design as an integrating discipline. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics, 15(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315557380-1
  10. Braha, D., & Reich, Y. (2003). Topological structures for modeling engineering design processes. Research in Engineering Design, 14, 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-003-0035-3
  11. Brones, F. A., de Carvalho, M. M., & de Senzi Zancul, E. (2017). Reviews, action and learning on change management for ecodesign transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(Part 1), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.009
  12. Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.17077/0021-065X.6495
  13. Brown, T. (2009). Change by design: How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation. Harper Business.
  14. Brown, T., & Wyatt, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 8(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1596/1020-797X_12_1_29
  15. Buchanan, R. (2019). Systems thinking and design thinking: The search for principles in the world we are making. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 5(2), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.04.001
  16. Bucolo, S., & Matthews, J. (2010). Using a design led disruptive innovation approach to develop new services: Practicing innovation in times of discontinuity. In C. Kobe, & I. Goller (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International CINet Conference: Practicing Innovation in the Times of Discontinuity (pp. 176-187). CINet, Netherlands.
  17. Camillus, J. C. (2008). Strategy as a wicked problem. Harvard Business Review, 86(5), 99-106.
  18. Carlopio, J. (2009). Creating strategy by design. Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal, 3(5), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/CGP/v03i05/37665
  19. Chen, S., Benedicktus, R., & Kim, Y. (2018). Teaching design thinking in marketing: Linking product design and marketing strategy in a product development class. Journal of Marketing Education, 40(3), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475317753678
  20. Coleman, E., Shealy, T., Grohs, J., & Godwin, A. (2020). Design thinking among first‐year and senior engineering students: A cross‐sectional, national study measuring perceived ability. Journal of Engineering Education, 109(1), 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20298
  21. Cooper, R. F. D., Junginger, S., & Lockwood, T. (2010). Design thinking and design management: A research and practice perspective. Design Management Review, 20(2), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.2009.00007.x
  22. Cross, N. (2004). Expertise in design: An overview. Design Studies, 25, 427-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2004.06.002
  23. Davies, A. R., & Doyle, R. (2015). Waterwise: Extending civic engagements for co-creating more sustainable washing futures. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 14(2), 390-400.
  24. Dorst, K. (2011). The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application. Design Studies, 32(6), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.006
  25. Dunne, D., & Martin, R. (2006). Design thinking and how it will change management education: An interview and discussion. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(4), 512-523. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2006.23473212
  26. Dutson, A. J., Todd, R. H., Magleby, S. P., Sorensen, C. D. (2013). A review of literature on teaching engineering design through project oriented capstone courses. Journal of Engineering Education, 86(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.1997.tb00260.x
  27. Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris, O., Frey, D. D., & Leifer, L. J. (2013). Engineering design thinking, teaching, and learning. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 103-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00832.x
  28. Fleetwood, R. (2005). Design audit by research: Building a knowledge base for competitiveness by design. In Proceedings of Joining Forces. University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland.
  29. Foster, M. K. (2019). Design thinking: A creative approach to problem solving. Management Teaching Review, 6(2), 237929811987146. https://doi.org/10.1177/2379298119871468
  30. Garbuio, M., Dong, A., Lin, N., Tschang, T., & Lovallo, D. (2018). Demystifying the genius of entrepreneurship: How design cognition can help create the next generation of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 17(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2016.0040
  31. Gee, J. P. (2000). The new literacy studies: From ‘socially situated’ to the work of the social. Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, 2, 177-194.
  32. Glen, R., Suciu, C., & Baughn, C. (2014). The need for design thinking in business schools. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 13(4), 653-667. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0308
  33. Hatchuel, A., & Weil, B., (2009). C-K design theory: An advanced formulation. Research in Engineering Design, 19, 181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-008-0043-4
  34. Henriksen, D., Richardson, C., & Mehta, R. (2017). Design thinking: A creative approach to educational problems of practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.001
  35. Hoolohan, C., & Browne, A. L. (2020). Design thinking for practice-based intervention: Co-producing the change point’s toolkit to unlock (un)sustainable practices. Design Studies, 67, 102-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2019.12.002
  36. IDEO. (2019). Design kit. http://www.designkit.org/resources/5
  37. Iskander, N. (2018). Design thinking is fundamentally conservative and preserves the status quo. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/09/design-thinking-is-fundamentally-conservative-and-preserves-the-status-quo
  38. Jones, P. (2017). The systemic turn: Leverage for world changing. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3 (3), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.11.001
  39. Kimbell-Lopez, K., Cummins, C., & Manning, E. (2016). Developing digital literacy in the middle school classroom. Computers in the Schools, 33(4), 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2016.1249731
  40. Kolko, J. (2018). The divisiveness of design thinking. Interactions, 25(3), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1145/3194313
  41. Kurtmollaiev, S., Fjuk, A., Pedersen, P. E., Clatworthy, S., & Kvale, K. (2018). Organizational transformation through service design: The institutional logics perspective. Journal of Service Research, 21(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517738371
  42. Laferriere, R., Engeler, B., & Rixon, A. (2019). Addressing cognitive challenges in applying design thinking for opportunity discovery: Reflections from a design thinking teaching team. She-Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 5(4), 383-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.11.012
  43. Lawson, B. R. (2006). How designers think. Architectural Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080454979
  44. Lewis, J. M., Hayward, S., & Hornyak, R. (2017). Design thinking: Breaking fixation for new relationships between organizations. Journal of Business Strategy, 38(6), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-07-2016-0074
  45. Lewis, J. M., McGann, M., & Blomkamp, E. (2020). When design meets power: Design thinking, public sector innovation and the politics of policymaking. Policy & Politics, 48(1), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557319X15579230420081
  46. Liedtka, J. (2017). Evaluating the impact of design thinking in action. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.177
  47. Liedtka, J., Salzman, R., & Azer, D. (2017). Democratizing innovation in organizations: Teaching design thinking to non‐designers. Design Management Review, 28(3), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/drev.12090
  48. Lindgaard, K., & Wesselius, H. (2017). Once more, with feeling: Design thinking and embodied cognition. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.05.004
  49. Martin, R. L. (2007). Design and business: Why can’t we be friends? Journal of Business Strategy, 28(4), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660710760890
  50. Martin, R. L. (2009). The design of business; why design thinking is the next competitive advantage. HarvardBusiness Review Press.
  51. Matthews, J., & Wrigley, C. (2017). Design and design thinking in business and management higher education. Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.294
  52. Meinel, C., & Leifer, L. J. (2011). Design thinking research. In H. Plattner, C. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Design thinking research (pp. 1-11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21643-5_1
  53. Moultrie, J., & Livesey, F. (2009). International design scorecard: Initial indicators of international design capabilities. https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/asset/document/InternationalDesignScoreboard.pdf
  54. Nussbaum, B. (2006, May, 17). A new ranking on global design from Helsinki: Where they know design. Business Week Online. http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2006/05/a_new_ranking_on_global_design_from_helsinki--where_they_know_design.html
  55. Nussbaum, M. C. (2009). Creating capabilities: The human development approach and its implementation. Hypatia, 24(3), 211-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01053.x
  56. Owen, C. (2007). Design thinking: Notes on its nature and use. Design Research Quarterly, 2(1), 16-27.
  57. Peters, B. G. (2018). Policy problems and policy design. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786431356
  58. Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. J. (2012). What is design thinking and why is it important? Review of Educational Research, 82(3), 330-348. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457429
  59. Rotherham, A. J., & Willingham, D., (2009). 21st century skills: The challenges ahead. Educational Leadership, 67(1), 16-21.
  60. Shute, V. J., & Becker, B. J. (2010). Prelude: Assessment for the 21st century. In V. J. Shute, & B. J. Becker (Eds.), Innovative assessment for the 21st century: Supporting educational needs (pp. 1-11). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6530-1_1
  61. Shute, V. J., Ventura, M., & Torres R., (2012). Formative evaluation of students at quest to learn. International Journal of Learning and Media, 4(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1162/IJLM_a_00087
  62. Starkey, K., & Tempest, S. (2009). The winter of our discontent: The design challenge for business schools. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8(4), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.8.4.zqr576
  63. Verganti, R. (2006). Innovating through design. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 114-122.
  64. Verganti, R. (2008). Design meanings and radical innovation: A metamodel and a research agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(5), 436-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00313.x
  65. Vihalemm, T., Keller, M., & Kiisel, M. (2020). From intervention to social change: A guide to reshaping everyday practices. Routledge.